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D R M A N I S H
RAJPUT
ht t ps://dr manishr ajput .com
Bookan appointment!
IN T R O D U C T IO N
Dr
. Manish Rajput is an I
nterventional
Radiologist & Team Lead, Team I
R
Jaipur
. They are the biggest team of
I
nterventional Radiologists. They are
trained from Tata Memorial Center
,
Mumbai, I
ndia. They have worked in so
many government and corporate
hospitals across the country.
Medical school (MBBS):2005-2011: -People’s
Medical College, Bhopal(MP)
DNB (Radio diagnosis):
- Apollo hospital,
Hyderabad(Telangana)
FVIR (PDCC):- Tata Memorial Centre,
Mumbai(Maharashtra)
Senior Resident: Hinduja Hospital Mumbai, SMS
Hospital Jaipur
Past Visiting Doctor:Leelavati Hospital Mumbai,
Breach Candy Hospital Mumbai, Wockhardt
Hospital Mumbai, Hinduja Hospital Mumbai
Ex Assitant Professor:JNU Medical College, Jaipur
Currently Working as Senior Consultant
Interventional Radiologist in various corporate
hospitals of Rajasthan based in Jaipur
HIS
EDUCATION
S T R E N G T H S
Ilead the biggest I
R team in the state.
Vast portfolio for I
R services.
All the team members are from Tata
Memorial Hospital, Mumbai.
Extensive experience in performing and
interpreting basic Radio-Diagnosis.
Gained experience in performing
I
nterventional Radiologic procedures.
Ipossess oratory skill by speaking at
numerous industry events.
Ability to teach complex concepts in a basic
manner
.
Varicose Veins Prostate Artery Embolization PRG
Biopsy and
fNAC
Angioplasty & Venoplasty PCN & DJ Stenting
O
U
R
S
E
R
V
I
C
E
S
+91 7729021111
dr.manish@infinityintervention.com
O-5-A, Adinath Marg, Near Surya
Hospital, C Scheme, Ashok Nagar,
Jaipur, Rajasthan 302001
C ON TA C T
US!

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ASTHMA.pdf FOR NURSING STUDENTS CREATED BY KIRAN KARETHA by KIRAN KARETHA, has 4 slides with 270 views.Asthma is defined as a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways (specifically bronchi and bronchioles) which manifests itself as recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness and cough.  It is characterized by bronchial hyper-responsiveness and variable airflow obstruction, that is often reversible either spontaneously or with treatment. ASTHMA ATTACK:  When breathe normally, muscles around the airways are relaxed, letting air move easily and quietly. During an asthma attack, three things can happen:  Bronchospasm: The muscles around the airways constrict (tighten). When they tighten, it makes the airways narrow. Air cannot flow freely through constricted airways.  Inflammation: The lining of the airways becomes swollen. Swollen airways don’t let as much air in or out of the lungs.  Mucus production: During the attack, body creates more mucus. This thick mucus clogs airways. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION:  Coughing  Chest tightness  Wheezing  Shortness of breath  Chronic production of cough  Dyspnea  Cyanosis  Weight loss and anorexia  Fatigue  Anxiety  Restlessness DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION:  History collection  Physical examination  Chest X-ray  Spirometry  Blood test  Skin test: to identify allergic causes.  Sputum test  PFT DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION:  History collection  Physical examination  Chest X-ray  Spirometry  Blood test  Skin test: to identify allergic causes.  Sputum test  PFT
ASTHMA.pdf FOR NURSING STUDENTS CREATED BY KIRAN KARETHAASTHMA.pdf FOR NURSING STUDENTS CREATED BY KIRAN KARETHA
ASTHMA.pdf FOR NURSING STUDENTS CREATED BY KIRAN KARETHA
KIRAN KARETHA
4 slides270 views
TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA.pdf FOR NURSING STUDENTS by KIRAN KARETHA, has 9 slides with 141 views.Tracheoesophageal fistula is an abnormal connection between the trachea and esophagus. It occurs in 1 in 3,500 births Type A (esophageal atresia) Type B (esophageal atresia with proximal fistula) Type C (esophageal atresia with Distal fistula) Type D (esophageal atresia with proximal and distal fistula) Type E (H- typed fistula)
TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA.pdf FOR NURSING STUDENTSTRACHEOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA.pdf FOR NURSING STUDENTS
TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA.pdf FOR NURSING STUDENTS
KIRAN KARETHA
9 slides141 views
RESUSCITATION EQUIPMENT.pptx FOR NURSING STUDENTS by KIRAN KARETHA, has 63 slides with 22 views.AMBU BAG A bag valve mask (BVM), sometimes known by the proprietary name AMBU (artificial manual breathing unit) bag or generically as a manual resuscitator or "self-inflating bag", is a hand-held device commonly used to provide positive pressure ventilation to patients who are not breathing or not breathing adequately. LARYNGOSCOPE A laryngoscopy is a test healthcare providers perform to examine the larynx (voice box). They perform this test with a laryngoscope, a thin tube with lights, that help them to look closely at the larynx. Spanish singing teacher manual Garcia invented the laryngoscope in 1855. TRACHEOSTOMY TUBE A tracheostomy tube, also known as a trach tube, is a catheter that's inserted into the trachea (windpipe) to help a person breathe and exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. It's used after a tracheostomy, a surgical procedure that creates an opening in the neck into the trachea. ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE An endotracheal tube (ETT) is a flexible tube that is inserted into the trachea (windpipe) through mouth to help with breathing. OXYGEN DELIVERY DEVICES Oxygen can be administered by nasal cannula, mask and tent. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy involves placing the patient in an airtight chamber with oxygen under pressure. In the hospital oxygen is supplied to each patient via an outlet in the wall. 1. LOW-FLOW DEVICES 2. HIGH FLOW DEVICE
RESUSCITATION EQUIPMENT.pptx FOR NURSING STUDENTSRESUSCITATION EQUIPMENT.pptx FOR NURSING STUDENTS
RESUSCITATION EQUIPMENT.pptx FOR NURSING STUDENTS
KIRAN KARETHA
63 slides22 views
CHOLELITHIASIS NOTES - NUTRITION & DIETETICS by Jala Joshna , has 7 slides with 13 views.Cholelithiasis (gallstones) is the formation of solid deposits in the gallbladder due to imbalanced bile components. It is classified into cholesterol stones, pigment stones, and mixed stones. Common causes include obesity, high-fat diets, rapid weight loss, and metabolic disorders. Symptoms range from biliary colic (right upper abdominal pain), nausea, bloating, and jaundice if obstruction occurs. Diagnosis involves ultrasound (first-line test), MRCP (for bile duct stones), and ERCP (diagnostic and therapeutic). Laboratory tests like LFTs, CBC, and lipase/amylase help assess complications. Diet plays a vital role in managing gallstones by reducing gallbladder workload and preventing further stone formation. A low-fat, high-fiber diet is recommended, including lean proteins (fish, tofu), whole grains, vegetables, and healthy fats (olive oil, flaxseeds). High-fat foods, processed foods, red meat, and sugary beverages should be avoided. Adequate hydration (2.5-3 L/day) prevents bile thickening, and small, frequent meals prevent bile stagnation. Gradual weight loss (0.5-1 kg/week) is encouraged, as rapid weight loss can worsen gallstone formation. A balanced diet with proper weight management and hydration helps reduce symptoms and supports gallbladder health.
CHOLELITHIASIS  NOTES - NUTRITION & DIETETICSCHOLELITHIASIS  NOTES - NUTRITION & DIETETICS
CHOLELITHIASIS NOTES - NUTRITION & DIETETICS
Jala Joshna
7 slides13 views
Title: 📊 Pharmacoeconomics: History, Principles, Methods, and Applications by sakshiaggarwal979034, has 24 slides with 67 views.📌 Description: Pharmacoeconomics is a vital field that examines the economic impact of pharmaceutical products and healthcare services. This presentation provides a detailed overview of pharmacoeconomic principles, methodologies, and their significance in healthcare decision-making. It covers essential topics such as cost analysis, evaluation perspectives, and humanistic assessment methods. 💡 Key Topics Covered: ✔ History and Evolution of Pharmacoeconomics ✔ Goals and Objectives of Pharmacoeconomic Studies ✔ Cost Analysis & Consequences (Outcomes) ✔ Different Pharmacoeconomic Methodologies (Cost-Minimization, Cost-Effectiveness, Cost-Utility, Cost-Benefit) ✔ Perspectives in Economic Evaluations (Payer, Patient, Society) ✔ Role of Pharmacoeconomics in Drug Safety & Pharmacovigilance ✔ Humanistic Evaluation Methods (Quality of Life & Patient-Reported Outcomes) ✔ Importance of Pharmacoeconomics in Policy & Healthcare Decisions
Title: 📊 Pharmacoeconomics: History, Principles, Methods, and ApplicationsTitle: 📊 Pharmacoeconomics: History, Principles, Methods, and Applications
Title: 📊 Pharmacoeconomics: History, Principles, Methods, and Applications
sakshiaggarwal979034
24 slides67 views
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF BASAL & PARAMEDICAL PROFESSES, PULMONARY DISSEMINAT... by Ankur Verma , has 12 slides with 152 views.Explore the differential diagnosis of basal and paramedical processes, pulmonary disseminations, and pulmonary infiltrates, focusing on clinical features, imaging findings, and key distinguishing factors for accurate diagnosis.
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF BASAL & PARAMEDICAL PROFESSES, PULMONARY DISSEMINAT...DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF BASAL & PARAMEDICAL PROFESSES, PULMONARY DISSEMINAT...
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF BASAL & PARAMEDICAL PROFESSES, PULMONARY DISSEMINAT...
Ankur Verma
12 slides152 views
Cardiac Amplifiers: A Deep Dive into Inotropes by Viresh Mahajani , has 71 slides with 284 views.Inotropic drugs are vital in managing acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock, directly influencing myocardial contractility. This presentation delves into their mechanisms, clinical applications, and nursing considerations. We'll explore how positive inotropes, like dobutamine and milrinone, enhance calcium influx, boosting cardiac output but also increasing myocardial oxygen demand. Conversely, we'll discuss the nuances of negative inotropes, such as beta-blockers, used in specific scenarios to reduce workload. A critical focus will be on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of these agents, highlighting their impact on hemodynamic parameters. We'll examine the importance of meticulous monitoring, including blood pressure, heart rate, and ECG, to optimize therapy and mitigate adverse effects like arrhythmias and hypotension. Nursing implications will emphasize safe administration, patient education, and recognizing signs of drug toxicity. Case studies will illustrate the practical application of inotropic therapy in various clinical settings, reinforcing the importance of this knowledge in critical care.
Cardiac Amplifiers: A Deep Dive into InotropesCardiac Amplifiers: A Deep Dive into Inotropes
Cardiac Amplifiers: A Deep Dive into Inotropes
Viresh Mahajani
71 slides284 views
Approach to anemia , classification, investigations cases by FatimahRaad, has 17 slides with 134 views.Pdf simply about how to reach to anemia diagnosis with presenting signs and symptoms mainly based on investigations we send in this file as well as discuss two case scenarios on this common health problem from reference book core clinical cases medicine and medical specialties
Approach to anemia , classification, investigations casesApproach to anemia , classification, investigations cases
Approach to anemia , classification, investigations cases
FatimahRaad
17 slides134 views
Nervous System (Neurons and Neuroglia).pptx by PranaliChandurkar2, has 37 slides with 113 views.Nervous tissue comprises two types of cells—neurons and neuroglia. Neuroglia are smaller cells but they greatly outnumber neurons, perhaps by as much as 25 times. Neuroglia support, nourish, and protect neurons, and maintain the interstitial fluid that bathes them. Unlike neurons, neuroglia continue to divide throughout an individual’s lifetime. [Neurons does not undergo mitosis process because they lack centrioles.] Both neurons and neuroglia differ structurally depending on whether they are located in the central nervous system or the peripheral nervous system. These differences in structure correlate with the differences in function of the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. Neurons Neurons (nerve cells) possess electrical excitability, the ability to respond to a stimulus and convert it into an action potential. A stimulus is any change in the environment that is strong enough to initiate an action potential. Example: Outside of the body (touch, pain sensation) and Inside of the body (hormonal imbalance) An action potential (nerve impulse) is an electrical signal that propagates (travels) along the surface of the membrane of a neuron. It begins and travels due to the movement of ions (such as sodium and potassium) between interstitial fluid and the inside of a neuron through specific ion channels in its plasma membrane. Once begun, a nerve impulse travels rapidly and at a constant strength. Nerve impulses travel these great distances at speeds ranging from 0.5 to 130 meters per second. Parts of a Neuron Most neurons have three parts: (1) a cell body, (2) dendrites, and (3) an axon Classification of Neurons structural and functional features are used to classify the various neurons in the body. Structural Classification 1. Multipolar neurons usually have several dendrites and one axon Most neurons in the brain and spinal cord are of this type, as well as all motor neurons 2. Bipolar neurons have one main dendrite and one axon. They are found in the retina of the eye, the inner ear, and the olfactory area of the brain. 3. Unipolar neurons have dendrites and one axon that are fused together to form a continuous process that emerges from the cell body Neuroglia Neuroglia or glia make up about half the volume of the CNS. Their name derives from the idea of early histologists that they were the “glue” that held nervous tissue together. We now know that neuroglia are not merely passive bystanders but rather actively participate in the activities of nervous tissue. Generally, neuroglia are smaller than neurons, and they are 5 to 25 times more numerous. In contrast to neurons, glia do not generate or propagate action potentials, and they can multiply and divide in the mature nervous system. Of the six types of neuroglia, four—astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells—are found only in the CNS. The remaining two types—Schwann cells and satellite cells—are present in the PNS.
Nervous System (Neurons and Neuroglia).pptxNervous System (Neurons and Neuroglia).pptx
Nervous System (Neurons and Neuroglia).pptx
PranaliChandurkar2
37 slides113 views
Meal-Prepping-101-How-to-Eat-Healthy-Without-Stress by oziasrondonc, has 20 slides with 12 views.In this presentation, you’ll learn the basics of meal prepping to simplify healthy eating, save time, and reduce stress. Discover easy meal prepping strategies, tips for planning nutritious meals ahead of time, and how to make the process both efficient and enjoyable. Whether you're a busy professional, student, or someone looking to improve their diet, this guide will show you how to set yourself up for success in the kitchen, ensuring you always have healthy meals on hand without the overwhelm.
Meal-Prepping-101-How-to-Eat-Healthy-Without-StressMeal-Prepping-101-How-to-Eat-Healthy-Without-Stress
Meal-Prepping-101-How-to-Eat-Healthy-Without-Stress
oziasrondonc
20 slides12 views
Congenital CMV Infection: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment by Ankur Verma , has 14 slides with 154 views.Learn about congenital cytomegalovirus, its risks, signs, and care
Congenital CMV Infection: Causes, Symptoms, and TreatmentCongenital CMV Infection: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
Congenital CMV Infection: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
Ankur Verma
14 slides154 views
antiherpes acyclovir mcq ANKUSH GOYAL GMC PATIALA.docx by Dr Ankush goyal, has 12 slides with 239 views.### **Acyclovir and Anti-Herpes Medications** **Acyclovir** is an antiviral medication used to treat infections caused by herpes viruses, including: - **Herpes simplex virus (HSV-1 & HSV-2)** – Causes cold sores and genital herpes. - **Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)** – Causes chickenpox and shingles. ### **Mechanism of Action:** Acyclovir works by inhibiting viral DNA replication. It is activated inside virus-infected cells, where it blocks viral enzymes, preventing the virus from multiplying. ### **Forms & Dosage:** - **Oral (Tablets/Capsules/Liquid)** – Used for mild to moderate infections. - **Topical (Cream/Ointment)** – For cold sores and mild skin infections. - **Intravenous (IV)** – For severe infections like herpes encephalitis. ### **Other Anti-Herpes Medications:** - **Valacyclovir (Valtrex)** – A prodrug of acyclovir with better absorption. - **Famciclovir (Famvir)** – Another antiviral with a longer duration of action. - **Penciclovir (Denavir)** – Used topically for herpes labialis (cold sores). ### **Uses:** - Treats and manages outbreaks of herpes simplex. - Reduces the severity and duration of symptoms. - Used for long-term suppression to prevent recurrent infections. - Helps in managing shingles and chickenpox. ### **Side Effects:** - Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. - Headache, dizziness, fatigue. - Rare: Kidney issues, allergic reactions. ### **Precautions:** - Drink plenty of fluids to prevent kidney issues. - Not a cure, but helps manage symptoms. - Safe for most patients but should be used cautiously in people with kidney disease or weakened immune systems.
antiherpes acyclovir mcq ANKUSH GOYAL GMC PATIALA.docxantiherpes acyclovir mcq ANKUSH GOYAL GMC PATIALA.docx
antiherpes acyclovir mcq ANKUSH GOYAL GMC PATIALA.docx
Dr Ankush goyal
12 slides239 views
PRETERM LABOR.pptx FOR NURSING STUDENTS CREATED BY KIRAN KARETHA by KIRAN KARETHA, has 40 slides with 52 views.PREMATURE LABOUR/ PRETERM LABOUR DEFINITION:  Pre term labour is defined by WHO as onset of labour prior to the completion of 37 weeks of gestation in a pregnancy beyond 20 weeks of gestation. INCIDENCE:  Globally, approximately 1 in 10 babies are born preterm (before 37 completed weeks of gestation), with an estimated 13.4 million preterm births annually. This means the incidence of preterm birth is roughly 10-11% worldwide.  In India, about 12% of babies are born preterm, which is higher than neighboring countries. ETIOLOGY:  In about 50%, the cause of preterm labour is not known- IDIOPATHIC  Some of the high-risk factors are:  HISTORY: previous history of abortion or preterm delivery Recurrent UTI Smoking habits Low socio-economic & nutritional status Previous abortion history Malpresentation  COMPLICATIONS IN PRESENT PREGNANCY: it may be due to maternal, fetal and placental. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS:  Backache  Contractions every 10 minutes, are more often  Cramping in lower abdomen  Menstrual like cramps  Fluid leaking from vagina  Flu like symptoms  Increased pressure in pelvis  Increased vaginal bleeding  Regular uterine activity  Vaginal spotting DIAGNOSIS:  Regular uterine contractions with or without pain (at least one in every 10 minutes.)  Dilation (2 cm or more) & effacement (80%) of the cervix  Length of cervix (2.5 cm or more.)  Funneling of internal OS INVESTIGATIONS:  Blood test  Urine analysis, urine culture and sensitivity  Cervicovaginal swab: culture and fibronectin test  Serum electrolyte and glucose level  USG COMPLICATION:  Birth of a pre-term baby A pre-term baby usually has following problems: • Low birth weight • Birth asphyxia • Neonatal jaundice • Underdeveloped organs etc. PREVENTIVE MEASURES: However, it is not possible to prevent occurrence of preterm labour completely, though its prevalence can be reduced using various measures at following three levels- 1) Prevention at primary level 2) Prevention at secondary level 3) Prevention at tertiary level 1) Prevention at primary level  In this, actions are taken prior to the onset of any disease which reduce or remove the possibility for occurring a disease.  For preventing preterm labour, following measures are applied at primary level. • Encourage the pregnant, to visit antenatal clinic regularly. • To identify high risk factors at its incipient stage and to provide appropriate treatment accordingly. • To provide special care to the women who have history of previous spontaneous abortion or preterm labour. • Advice the pregnant women regarding: Not to smoke and use of alcohol To take well balanced diet Avoid hard work Iron folic acid supplementation Maintaining adequate personal and environmental hygiene To contact the doctor immediately if any abnormal symptoms arise 2) Prevention at secondary level  In this level, actions are taken at the incipient stage of the disease so that it can be diagnosed.
PRETERM LABOR.pptx FOR NURSING STUDENTS CREATED BY KIRAN KARETHAPRETERM LABOR.pptx FOR NURSING STUDENTS CREATED BY KIRAN KARETHA
PRETERM LABOR.pptx FOR NURSING STUDENTS CREATED BY KIRAN KARETHA
KIRAN KARETHA
40 slides52 views
Psychopharmacology questions .pdf by Dr ankush goyal by Dr Ankush goyal, has 17 slides with 168 views.Psychopharmacology: A Comprehensive Overview Introduction Psychopharmacology is the scientific study of the effects of drugs on mood, perception, cognition, and behavior. It involves the interaction of drugs with the nervous system, particularly the brain, to alter mental functions and treat psychiatric disorders. Psychopharmacology integrates principles from neuroscience, pharmacology, psychiatry, and psychology to develop effective treatments for mental illnesses such as depression, schizophrenia, anxiety, and bipolar disorder. History and Development The field of psychopharmacology has its roots in ancient medicine, where herbal remedies were used to treat mental disorders. Modern psychopharmacology began in the 20th century with the discovery of drugs such as chlorpromazine (antipsychotic) and imipramine (antidepressant), revolutionizing psychiatric care. Over time, research has led to the development of more targeted and effective drugs with fewer side effects. Neurotransmitter Systems and Drug Actions Psychotropic drugs exert their effects by modulating neurotransmitter systems in the brain. The major neurotransmitters involved include: Dopamine (DA): Associated with reward, motivation, and movement; implicated in schizophrenia and Parkinson’s disease. Serotonin (5-HT): Regulates mood, appetite, and sleep; targeted by antidepressants. Norepinephrine (NE): Involved in arousal and stress response; plays a role in depression and anxiety. Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA): The primary inhibitory neurotransmitter; targeted by anxiolytics and sedatives. Glutamate: The primary excitatory neurotransmitter; implicated in schizophrenia and cognitive function. Acetylcholine (ACh): Important for memory and learning; affected in Alzheimer’s disease. Classification of Psychotropic Drugs Psychotropic drugs can be classified based on their therapeutic use: 1. Antidepressants Used to treat depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and other conditions. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs): Fluoxetine, Sertraline, Citalopram Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs): Venlafaxine, Duloxetine Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs): Amitriptyline, Imipramine Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs): Phenelzine, Selegiline Atypical Antidepressants: Bupropion, Mirtazapine 2. Antipsychotics Used to manage schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and psychotic disorders. Typical (First-Generation) Antipsychotics: Haloperidol, Chlorpromazine Atypical (Second-Generation) Antipsychotics: Risperidone, Olanzapine, Clozapine 3. Mood Stabilizers Used to treat bipolar disorder and mood dysregulation. Lithium: Effective for bipolar disorder Anticonvulsants: Valproate, Lamotrigine, Carbamazepine 4. Anxiolytics and Sedative-Hypnotics Used for anxiety and sleep disorders. Benzodiazepines: Diazepam, Lorazepam, Alprazolam Non-Benzodiazepine Hypnotics: Zolpidem, Eszopiclone Barbiturates: Phenobarbital (rarely used) Beta-Blockers: Propranolol
Psychopharmacology questions .pdf by Dr ankush goyalPsychopharmacology questions .pdf by Dr ankush goyal
Psychopharmacology questions .pdf by Dr ankush goyal
Dr Ankush goyal
17 slides168 views
Parasympathomimetics or Cholinergic Drugs By Baasir Umair by Baasir Umair Khattak, has 61 slides with 11 views.Parasympathomimetics: Mechanism, Effects, and Clinical Applications Parasympathomimetics, also known as cholinergic agonists, are drugs that mimic the actions of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS). The PNS is responsible for the "rest and digest" functions in the body, and parasympathomimetic drugs act primarily by stimulating cholinergic receptors. This document explores the various aspects of parasympathomimetics, including their classification, mechanism of action, physiological effects, clinical applications, and potential side effects. 1. Introduction to Parasympathomimetics Parasympathomimetic drugs enhance the effects of acetylcholine (ACh), the primary neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system. These agents can either directly stimulate cholinergic receptors or indirectly increase acetylcholine levels. 2. Classification of Parasympathomimetics Parasympathomimetics are categorized into two main types based on their mode of action: Direct-acting parasympathomimetics: These drugs bind directly to muscarinic or nicotinic receptors, mimicking the action of acetylcholine. Examples include pilocarpine and bethanechol. Indirect-acting parasympathomimetics: These inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine, thereby increasing its availability. Examples include neostigmine, physostigmine, and donepezil. 3. Mechanism of Action Direct-acting agents: Bind to muscarinic or nicotinic receptors, leading to stimulation of parasympathetic responses such as increased glandular secretion, smooth muscle contraction, and decreased heart rate. Indirect-acting agents: Inhibit acetylcholinesterase, preventing acetylcholine breakdown and prolonging its action at synapses. 4. Physiological Effects Parasympathomimetics produce a range of effects across different organ systems: Cardiovascular system: Decrease heart rate (bradycardia) and lower blood pressure by vasodilation. Respiratory system: Increase bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion. Gastrointestinal system: Enhance peristalsis, increase secretion of digestive enzymes, and promote bowel movements. Urinary system: Stimulate bladder contraction, aiding in urine excretion. Ocular effects: Induce pupil constriction (miosis) and facilitate aqueous humor drainage, useful in glaucoma treatment. Neurological effects: Improve cognitive function in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s. 5. Clinical Applications Glaucoma treatment: Pilocarpine reduces intraocular pressure by improving aqueous humor drainage. Urinary retention: Bethanechol stimulates bladder contraction to relieve urinary retention. Myasthenia gravis: Neostigmine and pyridostigmine improve neuromuscular transmission. Alzheimer’s disease: Donepezil and rivastigmine enhance cholinergic function in the brain. Reversal of neuromuscular blockade: Neostigmine is used post-surgery to restore muscle function. Xerostomia (dry mouth): Pilocarpine enhances salivation in patients
Parasympathomimetics or Cholinergic Drugs By Baasir UmairParasympathomimetics or Cholinergic Drugs By Baasir Umair
Parasympathomimetics or Cholinergic Drugs By Baasir Umair
Baasir Umair Khattak
61 slides11 views
Erythropoiesis, stages and its regulation by MedicoseAcademics, has 26 slides with 197 views.This presentation, "Erythropoiesis," by Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology, offers an in-depth exploration of the formation and regulation of red blood cells (RBCs). Designed for medical and health professional students, as well as educators, the lecture systematically covers: Learning Objectives: Describing the structure of erythrocytes in relation to their functions. Explaining the process of erythropoiesis through clear, schematic representations. Analyzing the regulation of red blood cell production, with a focus on the role of erythropoietin. Key Topics Covered: Production of Red Blood Cells: An overview of erythropoiesis from embryonic development (yolk sac, liver, spleen) to adult bone marrow as the exclusive site of RBC production. Bone Marrow Dynamics: Differentiating between red and yellow marrow, and understanding the changes in hematopoiesis across the lifespan. Hematopoiesis: Detailed explanation of multipotential hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), colony-forming units (CFUs), and the commitment to specific blood cell lineages. Regulation of Blood Cell Formation: Insight into the role of growth and differentiation inducers, external factors like hypoxia, and the primary regulatory function of erythropoietin (EPO). Clinical Implications: Discussion on conditions that stimulate RBC production, the concept of synthetic erythropoietin in managing anemia (especially in chronic kidney failure and chemotherapy patients), and key points to consider for further research. Presentation Structure: The slides guide the viewer from foundational concepts of blood composition and cell formation to more complex regulatory mechanisms, ensuring a thorough understanding of both the physiological processes and their clinical relevance. This lecture not only enhances your understanding of erythropoiesis but also serves as a vital resource for those interested in the broader aspects of hematology and medical education. Whether you're a student looking to consolidate your knowledge or an educator seeking effective teaching materials, this presentation provides clear visuals, structured content, and practical insights into the dynamic process of red blood cell formation.
Erythropoiesis, stages and its regulationErythropoiesis, stages and its regulation
Erythropoiesis, stages and its regulation
MedicoseAcademics
26 slides197 views
ASTHMA.pdf FOR NURSING STUDENTS CREATED BY KIRAN KARETHA by KIRAN KARETHA, has 4 slides with 270 views.Asthma is defined as a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways (specifically bronchi and bronchioles) which manifests itself as recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness and cough.  It is characterized by bronchial hyper-responsiveness and variable airflow obstruction, that is often reversible either spontaneously or with treatment. ASTHMA ATTACK:  When breathe normally, muscles around the airways are relaxed, letting air move easily and quietly. During an asthma attack, three things can happen:  Bronchospasm: The muscles around the airways constrict (tighten). When they tighten, it makes the airways narrow. Air cannot flow freely through constricted airways.  Inflammation: The lining of the airways becomes swollen. Swollen airways don’t let as much air in or out of the lungs.  Mucus production: During the attack, body creates more mucus. This thick mucus clogs airways. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION:  Coughing  Chest tightness  Wheezing  Shortness of breath  Chronic production of cough  Dyspnea  Cyanosis  Weight loss and anorexia  Fatigue  Anxiety  Restlessness DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION:  History collection  Physical examination  Chest X-ray  Spirometry  Blood test  Skin test: to identify allergic causes.  Sputum test  PFT DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION:  History collection  Physical examination  Chest X-ray  Spirometry  Blood test  Skin test: to identify allergic causes.  Sputum test  PFT
ASTHMA.pdf FOR NURSING STUDENTS CREATED BY KIRAN KARETHAASTHMA.pdf FOR NURSING STUDENTS CREATED BY KIRAN KARETHA
ASTHMA.pdf FOR NURSING STUDENTS CREATED BY KIRAN KARETHA
KIRAN KARETHA
4 slides270 views
RESUSCITATION EQUIPMENT.pptx FOR NURSING STUDENTS by KIRAN KARETHA, has 63 slides with 22 views.AMBU BAG A bag valve mask (BVM), sometimes known by the proprietary name AMBU (artificial manual breathing unit) bag or generically as a manual resuscitator or "self-inflating bag", is a hand-held device commonly used to provide positive pressure ventilation to patients who are not breathing or not breathing adequately. LARYNGOSCOPE A laryngoscopy is a test healthcare providers perform to examine the larynx (voice box). They perform this test with a laryngoscope, a thin tube with lights, that help them to look closely at the larynx. Spanish singing teacher manual Garcia invented the laryngoscope in 1855. TRACHEOSTOMY TUBE A tracheostomy tube, also known as a trach tube, is a catheter that's inserted into the trachea (windpipe) to help a person breathe and exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. It's used after a tracheostomy, a surgical procedure that creates an opening in the neck into the trachea. ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE An endotracheal tube (ETT) is a flexible tube that is inserted into the trachea (windpipe) through mouth to help with breathing. OXYGEN DELIVERY DEVICES Oxygen can be administered by nasal cannula, mask and tent. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy involves placing the patient in an airtight chamber with oxygen under pressure. In the hospital oxygen is supplied to each patient via an outlet in the wall. 1. LOW-FLOW DEVICES 2. HIGH FLOW DEVICE
RESUSCITATION EQUIPMENT.pptx FOR NURSING STUDENTSRESUSCITATION EQUIPMENT.pptx FOR NURSING STUDENTS
RESUSCITATION EQUIPMENT.pptx FOR NURSING STUDENTS
KIRAN KARETHA
63 slides22 views
Nervous System (Neurons and Neuroglia).pptx by PranaliChandurkar2, has 37 slides with 113 views.Nervous tissue comprises two types of cells—neurons and neuroglia. Neuroglia are smaller cells but they greatly outnumber neurons, perhaps by as much as 25 times. Neuroglia support, nourish, and protect neurons, and maintain the interstitial fluid that bathes them. Unlike neurons, neuroglia continue to divide throughout an individual’s lifetime. [Neurons does not undergo mitosis process because they lack centrioles.] Both neurons and neuroglia differ structurally depending on whether they are located in the central nervous system or the peripheral nervous system. These differences in structure correlate with the differences in function of the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. Neurons Neurons (nerve cells) possess electrical excitability, the ability to respond to a stimulus and convert it into an action potential. A stimulus is any change in the environment that is strong enough to initiate an action potential. Example: Outside of the body (touch, pain sensation) and Inside of the body (hormonal imbalance) An action potential (nerve impulse) is an electrical signal that propagates (travels) along the surface of the membrane of a neuron. It begins and travels due to the movement of ions (such as sodium and potassium) between interstitial fluid and the inside of a neuron through specific ion channels in its plasma membrane. Once begun, a nerve impulse travels rapidly and at a constant strength. Nerve impulses travel these great distances at speeds ranging from 0.5 to 130 meters per second. Parts of a Neuron Most neurons have three parts: (1) a cell body, (2) dendrites, and (3) an axon Classification of Neurons structural and functional features are used to classify the various neurons in the body. Structural Classification 1. Multipolar neurons usually have several dendrites and one axon Most neurons in the brain and spinal cord are of this type, as well as all motor neurons 2. Bipolar neurons have one main dendrite and one axon. They are found in the retina of the eye, the inner ear, and the olfactory area of the brain. 3. Unipolar neurons have dendrites and one axon that are fused together to form a continuous process that emerges from the cell body Neuroglia Neuroglia or glia make up about half the volume of the CNS. Their name derives from the idea of early histologists that they were the “glue” that held nervous tissue together. We now know that neuroglia are not merely passive bystanders but rather actively participate in the activities of nervous tissue. Generally, neuroglia are smaller than neurons, and they are 5 to 25 times more numerous. In contrast to neurons, glia do not generate or propagate action potentials, and they can multiply and divide in the mature nervous system. Of the six types of neuroglia, four—astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells—are found only in the CNS. The remaining two types—Schwann cells and satellite cells—are present in the PNS.
Nervous System (Neurons and Neuroglia).pptxNervous System (Neurons and Neuroglia).pptx
Nervous System (Neurons and Neuroglia).pptx
PranaliChandurkar2
37 slides113 views

DR MANISH-2.pdf laser proctology piles and fistula

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